Dirty bombs: What they are, how they are made and the dire risk they represent
´õ·¯¿î Æøź: ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÌ°í, ¾î¶»°Ô ¸¸µé¾îÁö°í, ±×µéÀÌ ¹Ù¶ó´Â ²ûÂïÇÑ À§ÇèThe West must have a firm response in place should Vladimir Putin resort to a crude device packed with radioactive material, warned MP Tobias Ellwood.Åäºñ¾Æ½º ¿¤¿ìµå ÇÏ¿øÀÇ¿øÀº "ºí¶óµð¹Ì¸£ ǪƾÀÌ ¹æ»ç¼º ¹°Áú·Î °¡µæ Âù Á¶ÀâÇÑ ÀåÄ¡¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÒ °æ¿ì ¼¹æÀº È®°íÇÑ ´ëÀÀÀ» ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù"°í °æ°íÇß´Ù.[express] 2022³â 10¿ù 25ÀÏ È¿äÀÏ 19:14
Russia cranked the tension up a notch this week with defence minister Sergei Shoigu¡¯s claim - without citing evidence - that Ukraine was planning to detonate a so-called ¡°dirty bomb¡± within its own territory. Western leaders swiftly rejected his claim as baseless, with Defence Secretary Ben Wallace suggesting Putin¡¯s henchman was using it as a ¡°pretext for further escalation¡±. Tobias Ellwood, chairman of Parliament¡¯s defence committee, was even more specific, suggesting Shoigu was laying the groundwork for Russia itself to explode such a device in order to justify stepping up its military campaign.·¯½Ã¾Æ´Â À̹ø ÁÖ ¼¼¸£°ÔÀÌ ¼îÀ̱¸ ±¹¹æÀå°üÀÌ ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª ¿µÅä ³»¿¡¼ ¼ÒÀ§ "´õ·¯¿î Æøź"À» Æø¹ß½Ãų °èȹÀ̶ó°í ÁÖÀåÇÏ¸é¼ ±äÀåÀ» ÇÑ ´Ü°è ³ô¿´½À´Ï´Ù. ¼¹æ ÁöµµÀÚµéÀº ±×ÀÇ ÁÖÀåÀ» ±Ù°Å ¾ø´Ù°í Çß°í, º¥ ¿ù¸®½º ±¹¹æÀå°üÀº ǪƾÀÇ ½Éº¹ÀÌ À̸¦ '´õ È®´ëÇϱâ À§ÇÑ ±¸½Ç'·Î »ç¿ëÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í Çß´Ù. Åäºñ¾Æ½º ¿¤¿ìµå ÀÇȸ ±¹¹æÀ§¿øÀåÀº ´õ¿í ±¸Ã¼ÀûÀ¸·Î, ¼îÀ̱¸°¡ ±º»çÀÛÀüÀ» °ÈÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Á¤´çÈÇϱâ À§ÇØ ·¯½Ã¾Æ ÀÚü°¡ ±×·¯ÇÑ ÀåÄ¡¸¦ Æø¹ß½Ãų ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Åä´ë¸¦ ¸¶·ÃÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ½À» ½Ã»çÇß´Ù.What is a dirty bomb?A dirty bomb is a mixture of explosives, such as dynamite, and radioactive powder or pellets.´õ·¯¿î ÆøźÀ̶õ ¹«¾ùÀԴϱî?´õ·¯¿î ÆøźÀº ´ÙÀ̳ª¸¶ÀÌÆ®¿Í °°Àº Æø¹ß¹°°ú ¹æ»ç¼º ºÐ¸» ¶Ç´Â ¾Ë¾àÀÌ È¥ÇÕµÈ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
When the explosives are ignited, the blast carries radioactive material into the surrounding area.Æø¹ß¹°À» Á¡ÈÇÏ°í ¹æ»ç¼º ¹°ÁúÀ» ÁÖº¯ Áö¿ªÀ¸·Î ¿î¹ÝÇÑ´Ù.Is it the same as an atomic bomb?±×°ÍÀº ÇÙÆøź°ú °°Àº °ÍÀԴϱî?No. The comparatively crude device is different from the explosives dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945.¾Æ´Ï. ÀúµéÀÌ °èȹÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Â ÆøźÀº 1945³â È÷·Î½Ã¸¶¿Í ³ª°¡»çÅ°¿¡ ÅõÇÏµÈ Æø¹ß¹°°ú´Â ´Ù¸£´Ù.These involved splitting the atom and a subsequent massive release of energy which results in the infamous mushroom cloud.À̰͵éÀº ¿øÀÚ°¡ ºÐ¿µÇ¸é¼ ¾öû³ ¾çÀÇ ¿¡³ÊÁö¸¦ ¹æÃâ ¾Ç¸í ³ôÀº ¹ö¼¸ ±¸¸§ÀÌ ¸¸µé¾î Áø´Ù.What are the main risks the detonation of such a device would pose?±×·¯ÇÑ Æø¹ßÀÌ·Î ¾ß±âµÉ ÁÖ¿ä À§ÇèÀº ¹«¾ùÀΰ¡?The chief danger is from the explosion, which can cause serious injuries and property damage, just as a normal explosion can.°¡Àå Å« À§ÇèÀº Á¤»óÀûÀÎ Æø¹ß°ú ¸¶Âù°¡Áö·Î ½É°¢ÇÑ ºÎ»ó°ú Àç»ê¿¡ Á÷Á¢ ÇÇÇظ¦ ÁÙ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â Æø¹ß¹°ÀÌ´Ù.
The radioactive materials themselves are unlikely to create sufficient radiation exposure to cause immediate serious illness, apart from those people very close to the blast site.¹æ»ç´É ¹°Áú ÀÚü´Â Æø¹ß ÇöÀå¿¡ ¸Å¿ì °¡±î¿î »ç¶÷µéÀ» Á¦¿ÜÇÏ°í´Â ½É°¢ÇÑ Áúº´À» ÀÏÀ¸Å³ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¹æ»ç¼± ÇÇÆøÀÌ µÇÁö´Â ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Mr Ellwood, the Tory MP for Bournemouth East, told Express.co.uk: ¡°They're more complicated than meets the eye but they are generally seen as what terrorists might resort to, or indeed a country without a full nuclear capability.º»¸Ó½º µ¿ºÎÀÇ Å丮´ç ÇÏ¿øÀÇ¿øÀÎ ¿¤¿ìµå¾¾´Â Express.co.uk:¿¡ ¸»Çß´Ù. ±×µéÀº ´«¿¡ º¸ÀÌ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ´õ º¹ÀâÇÏÁö¸¸ ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î Å×·¯¸®½ºÆ®µéÀÌ ÀÇÁöÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °Í, ¶Ç´Â ½ÇÁ¦·Î ¿ÏÀüÇÑ ÇÙ ´É·ÂÀÌ ¾ø´Â ³ª¶ó·Î º¸¿©Áø´Ù.¡°You're not going to need the expensive centrifuges, you're not going need the kind of mechanisms to upgrade to create weapons-grade plutonium.°ªºñ½Ñ ¿ø½ÉºÐ¸®±âµµ ÇÊ¿ä ¾ø°í, ¹«±â±Þ Ç÷çÅä´½À» ¸¸µé±â À§ÇØ ¾÷±×·¹À̵åÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸ÞÄ¿´ÏÁòµµ ÇÊ¿äÇÏÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.¡°In simple terms it¡¯s for non-nuclear capability to provide major weapons of mass destruction.¡±°£´ÜÈ÷ ¸»Çؼ ´ë·® »ì»ó ¹«±â´Â ºñÇÙ ´É·ÂÀ» À§ÇÑ °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù."Ukraine was not a nuclear power, but it does have an abundance of nuclear reactors and therefore a supply of depleted uranium and plutonium which could in theory be utilised, Mr Ellwood said.¿¤¿ìµå¾¾´Â ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª´Â ÇÙº¸À¯±¹Àº ¾Æ´Ï¾úÁö¸¸ ¿øÀڷΰ¡ dzºÎÇØ ÀÌ·ÐÀûÀ¸·Î È°¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °í°¥µÈ ¿ì¶ó´½°ú Ç÷çÅä´½À» °ø±ÞÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù°í Çß´Ù.¡°So this is a very dangerous scenario that could unfold and it is very important that we're able to intervene without events escalating out of control because this all hinges back to the fact that Putin is losing and hugely humiliated, and is resorting to desperate tactics in order to try and turn his war around.¡±"±×·¡¼ ÀÌ°ÍÀº Àü°³µÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ¸Å¿ì À§ÇèÇÑ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À°í, ǪƾÀÌ Áö°í ÀÖ°í ¾öû³ ±¼¿åÀ» ´çÇÏ°í ÀÖÀ¸¸ç, ±×ÀÇ ÀüÀïÀ» µÇµ¹¸®±â À§ÇØ ÇÊ»çÀûÀÎ Àü¼ú¿¡ ÀÇÁ¸ÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â »ç½Ç¿¡ ´Þ·Á Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿ì¸®°¡ ÅëÁ¦ ºÒ´ÉÀÇ »óȲÀ¸·Î Ä¡´ÝÁö ¾Ê°í °³ÀÔÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸Å¿ì Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù."It was likely the weapon would lack a sophisticated delivery system such as a missile, meaning it was basically impossible to use it for a targeted attack, Mr Ellwood pointed out.¿¤¿ìµå´Â "ÀÌ ¹«±â´Â ¹Ì»çÀÏ°ú °°Àº Á¤±³ÇÑ Àü´Þ ½Ã½ºÅÛÀÌ ºÎÁ·ÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ³ô¾Æ Ç¥Àû °ø°Ý¿¡ »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î ºÒ°¡´ÉÇß´Ù"°í ÁöÀûÇß´Ù.He added: ¡°That is why it is called a dirty bomb because you have no control over the damage.±×´Â À̾î "ÇÇÇظ¦ ÅëÁ¦ÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ´õ·¯¿î ÆøźÀ̶ó°í ºÒ¸®´Â °Í"À̶ó°í µ¡ºÙ¿´´Ù.¡°It is one of many scenarios, including blaming an accident at a nuclear power station for a nuclear plume of radioactivity.¿øÀü »ç°í¸¦ ¹æ»ç´É À¯Ãâ Å¿À¸·Î µ¹¸®´Â °ÍÀ» Æ÷ÇÔÇØ ¿©·¯ ½Ã³ª¸®¿À Áß Çϳª´Ù.¡°The risk is depending, on weather conditions this is a very difficult situation.¡±±â»ó Á¶°Ç¿¡ µû¶ó À§ÇèÀÌ ´Þ¶óÁö´Âµ¥, ¸Å¿ì ¾î·Á¿î »óȲÀÔ´Ï´Ù."Mr Ellwood said Shoigu¡¯s introduction of the subject ¡°raises a whole series of questions that the West needs to answer today, now, before we potentially face the scenario in real time¡±.¿¤¿ìµå ¾¾´Â ¼îÀ̱¸°¡ ÀÌ ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼Ò°³ÇÑ °ÍÀº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÀáÀçÀûÀ¸·Î ½Ç½Ã°£À¸·Î ½Ã³ª¸®¿À¿¡ Á÷¸éÇϱâ Àü¿¡ ¿À´Ã³¯ ¼±¸°¡ ´ë´äÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÀÏ·ÃÀÇ Áú¹®µéÀ» Á¦±âÇÑ´Ù°í Çß´Ù.Asked to explain the consequences of a dirty bomb exploding in Ukraine, Mr Ellwood added: ¡°They are quite significant.¿¤¿ìµå´Â ¿ìÅ©¶óÀ̳ª¿¡¼ Æø¹ßÇÏ´Â ´õ·¯¿î ÆøźÀÇ °á°ú¸¦ ¼³¸íÇ϶ó´Â Áú¹®¿¡ "±×µéÀº »ó´çÈ÷ Áß¿äÇÏ°í Çß´Ù.¡°Forms of contamination could lead into the water supply and indeed other forms of infrastructure.¿À¿°ÀÇ ÇüÅ´ ¹° °ø±Þ°ú ½ÇÁ¦·Î ´Ù¸¥ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ±â¹Ý ½Ã¼³·Î À̾îÁú ¼ö ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.¡°Another consequence is that you'd have crossed the threshold of nuclear weapons once again being used on the battlefield, something which globally, we've been able to close down for more than 80 years, again prompting difficult questions for the West.¡°¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ °á°ú´Â ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ´Ù½Ã ÇÑ ¹ø ÀüÀå¿¡¼ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â ÇÙ¹«±âÀÇ ¹®ÅÎÀ» ³Ñ¾ú´Ù´Â °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ´Â Àü ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î ¿ì¸®°¡ 80³â ÀÌ»ó µ¿¾È Æó¼âÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ¾ú´ø °ÍÀ¸·Î¼ ¼¹æ¿¡ ´Ù½Ã ¾î·Á¿î Áú¹®À» ´øÁ³½À´Ï´Ù.´ç½ÅÀÌ ´Ù½Ã žÁö ¾ÊÀ» °ÍÀÔ´Ï´Ù. Àü 80³â ÀÌ»ó Áö³ª¼ ¼±¸¿¡ Áú¹®ÀÌ ¼¼°èÀûÀ¸·Î µé¾î¿À°í ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.¡°It¡¯s about firstly observing and measuring and using our intelligence agencies to monitor events as they unfold and having the fortitude to step in without hesitation to close it down before we move up the escalatory ladder.¡±¿ì¸® Á¤º¸±â°üÀÌ »ç°ÇµéÀÌ Àü°³µÇ´Â °úÁ¤À» °¨½ÃÇϱâ À§ÇØ ¸ÕÀú °üÂûÇÏ°í ÃøÁ¤ÇÏ°í »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â °Í, ±×¸®°í ¿ì¸®°¡ ´Ü°èÀû »ç´Ù¸®¸¦ ¿Ã¶ó°¡±â Àü¿¡ ÁÖÀúÇÏÁö ¾Ê°í °³ÀÔÇؼ »ç°ÇÀ» Á¾°á½ÃÅ°´Â °ÀÎÇÔÀ» °®´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù."[express] https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1687555/dirty-bombs-ukraine-russia-war-update-putin-shoigu-nuclear-tobias-ellwood
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