2021.7.18. ڻ Ÿ <>
< ñ 8ȣ Ÿ ̴. ̱ ϰ The New York Times 1851 â Ź̴.>
ְ [ǥ ] ѱ ϰ ִ. Ż翡 ̷ ¶ Ȯ Դ. ѱδ ¥ õϱ ó о̰ ִ.
1. SEOUL-In the history of South Koreas fight for democracy, the 1980 uprising in Gwangju stands out as one of the proudest moments. Thousands of ordinary citizens took to the streets to protest a military dictatorship, and hundreds were shot down by security forces. The bloody incident has been sanctified in textbooks as the Gwangju Democratization Movement
ȭ ѱ ߿ 1980 ֺ ڶ ϳ. õ ùε 絶翡 װϱ Ÿ , ùε ź . ڶ ֹȭ żõ ִ.
2. Right-wing extremists, however, have offered an alternative, highly inflammatory view of what happened: Gwangju, they say, was not a heroic sacrifice for democracy, but a riot instigated by North Korean communists who had infiltrated the protest movement. Such conspiracy theories, which few historians take seriously, have been spreading quickly in South Korea, where a political divide-rooted in the countrys torturous and often violent modern history- is being amplified on line.
ݸ ؿڵ ſ ڱ ð ִ. ֻ ȭ ƴ϶ ڵ ħϿ ߽Ų ̶ Ѵ. Ҽ ڵ ϰ ϰ ִ ѱȸ ſ ӵ Ȯǰ ִ. ѱȸ ġ п ̴ 뽺 ̾ 翡 Ѹ ΰ ִ. ٷ ̷ ȯ濡 ֻ´ ħ ̶ ¶ Ÿ ǰ ִ.
3. President Moon Jae-ins governing party has rolled out a slate of legislation, some of which has already become law, aimed at stamping out false narratives about certain sensitive historical topics, including Gwangju, His supporters say he is protecting the truth, Free speech advocates, and Mr. Moons conservative enemies, have accused the president of using censorship and history as political weapons.
ϱ Թ ϰ ְ, ̹ ȯǾ ִ. ָ ΰ ǿ ¥ źϱ ̴. ̷ ܿ ź ϴ ź ȣϱ ̶ Ѵ. ǥ ϴ θ ݴϴ ˿ܰ 縦 ġ ǿϰ ִٰ Ѵ.
4. Whether I am right or wrong should be decided through free public debate, the engine of democracy, said Jee Man-won, a leading proponent of the theory of North Korean involvement in Gwangju, Instead , the government is using its power to dictate history.
5.18 Ѱ ϴ 弱 Ŀ Ǵ Ǹ 忡 п ̷ ϴµ ̿ʹ ݴ δ 縦 ڱĴ ϱ Ƿ ϰ ִ Ѵ.
5. South Korea has long prided itself on its commitment to free speech, but it is also a country where going against the mainstream can have steep consequences. Historical issues, like collaboration with Japanese or colonialists or wartime civilian massacres, have divided the country for decades. Defamationis a criminal offense. Under the bills pushed by Mr. Moons party, promoting revisionist narratives about sensitive subjects like Gwangju or comfort women- Korean sex slaves for Japans World War army-could also be a crime.
ѱ ǥ ؿ, װ ̵ ܿԴ. ݸ 뼼 ϴ ǥ ϴ 鿡Դ 뽺 Ȱִ ̱ ߴ. ģ л ̽ ѱ ȸ п Դ. Ѽ ˴. ο ۿϰ ִ , ֿ Ⱥ ΰ ظ ǥϴ ִ.
6. With the crackdown on misinformation, Mr. Moon is living up to a campaign promise to give Gwangju its rightful place in history, But by criminalizing so-called historical distortions, he is also stepping into a political minefield.
װ ְ ڸ ֵ ϰڴٰ ߴ ¥ źϴ ϰ ִ. ݸ ״ ̸ ְ ٽ ν ġ ڹ ϰ ִ.
7. The Korean History Society and 20 other historical research institutes issued a joint statement last month warning that Mr. Moons progressive government, which presents itself as a champion of the democratic values secured through sacrifices like Gwangju, was actually undermining them by using the threat of criminal penalties to dictate history.
ѱ ȸ ٸ 20 翬 ´.θ ġ â èǾ̶ ó ΰ ǿʹ ݴ ó̶ ڼ 縦 ν ߹ İ ִٰ ߴ.
8. A law sponsored by Mr. Moons party, which took effect in January, mandates up to five years in prison for people who spread falsehoods about Gwangju. The partys lawmakers also submitted a bill in May that calls for up to 10 years in prison for those who praise Japans colonial rule of Korea from 1910 to 1945. The bill would set up a panel of experts on truthful history to detect distortions- and order corrections- in interpretations of sensitive historical topics, including killings of civilians during the Korean War and human rights violations under past military dictators.
ּϿ 1 ȿ ϰ ִ ֿ ۶߸ 5 ¡ ΰϰ ִ. ̿ ǿ 5, 1910~1945 Ϻ ġ ϴ ڿԴ 10 ¡ óѴٴ ߴ. [ ] ȸ ġϿ 6.25 л ڵ鿡 α ΰ ̽鿡 ν ְ Ž ϰ ϰ ִ.
9. Its a populist approach to history, appealing to widespread anti-Japanese sentiment to consolidate their political power,said Kim Jeong-in, head of the Korean History Society, referring to the bill on Japanese colonial rule. Whos going to study colonial-era history it their research results are judged at a court of law?
ȸ ȸ ģ ߾ óȿ Ͽ, ġ Ƿ ȭŰ ȮŰ ִ α ̶ ߴ. ڵ ǹް ȴٸ 縦 Ϸ ϰڴ°?
10. As if our loss of siblings and parents was not painful enough, they have been vilifying us as stooges of North Korean agents, said Cho Young-dae, a nephew of the late Cho Pius, a Catholic priest in Gwangju who participated in the uprising and testified years later about the killings. They have abused the freedom of expression to add insult to our injury.
ź ī źδ 츮 ڸſ θ ϸ鼭 츮 ̶ Ѵ. ǥ ǿϰ ִ Ѵ.
11. Mr. Cho, who is also a priest, said Gwangju survivors had suffered too long while people like Mr. Jee spread false information about the massacre. We need a South Korean version of the Holocaust law to punish those who beautify the Gwangju atrocity, as European countries have laws against Holocaust denial, he said.
źδ л ¥ Ȯ ڵ ʹ ؿԴٰ ߴ. ȦڽƮ ڵ óϵ 츮 ȭϴ ڵ óϴ Ѵٰ Ѵ.
12. Yet Mr. Jee says there are progressive who harbor communist views threaten the countrys democratic values.
ġ ϰ ִ ڵ ƴ϶ ٷ ѽ ð ڵ̶ Ѵ.
13. Much of this debate is being carried out online, where some highly partisan podcasters and YouTubers have as many viewers as national television programs do.
߰ſ ¶ Ȯǰ ִ. ͳ ڵ(ij) Ʃ ۱ ûڵ û ִ.
14. Ideally, conspiracy theories and irrational ideas should be dismissed or marginalized through the market of public opinion, said Park Sang-hoon, chief political scientist at the Political scientist at the Political Power Plant a Seoul-based civic group. But they have become part of the political agenda here. Mainstream media is helping them gain legitimacy, he said.
̶̻ а µž Ѵ. ̹ ġ Źȴ. ַе չȭְ ִ. ġȸ ȸ ڻ ̴.
15. But Mr. Jee said his experience voicing nonconformist historical views should be a warning to South Koreans. In 2002, he placed a newspaper advertisement claiming that Gwangju was a secret North Korean operation. He was subsequently hauled to Gwangju in handcuffs and jailed for 100 days on defamation charges, until his prison term was eventually suspended. He has since published 10 books on Gwangju and fought more defamation prosecutions. Although critics accused him of pedding wild conspiracy theories, his view has drawn a following.
If they didnt treat me the way they did in 2002, I would not have come this far, he said.
뼼 ʴ Ƿϴ ѱȸ ֵȴٴ ־. 2002 ״ ϰ ִ ̾ٴ ǥ Ե Ǿ. ״ ä ַ м۵Ǿ. Ѽ Ƿ 100 ̸ ߴ. ״ ֻ¿ 10 å ߴ. ݱ Ѽ Ƿ Ҹ ο ִ. ȮŰ ̶ ð ǥ ִ.
2002 ְ ϰ д ʾҴٸ Ƹ ʾ ־ ̴.
( (): ߱ ź 巯 ߴٴ )
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